What are the basic knowledge of motorcycles?
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Motorcycles consist of five main components: the engine, transmission system, running gear, steering and braking systems, and electrical instrumentation equipment. Motorcycles are agile and fast means of transportation, also used in military and sports competitions. They are equipped with internal combustion engines and come in two-wheel and three-wheel configurations. Engine: The engine is either a two-stroke or four-stroke gasoline engine. It is cooled by air, which can be either natural or forced air cooling. The engine operates at high speeds, generally above 5,000 RPM. Transmission System: Primary Reduction: The primary reduction mainly consists of the drive sprocket (drive gear) mounted on the crankshaft, a roller chain, and the driven sprocket (driven gear) on the clutch, serving as the first reduction stage and transmitting engine power to the clutch. Clutch: Motorcycle clutches come in several structural types: The wet multi-plate friction clutch operates immersed in engine oil and consists of drive, driven, and separation parts. The clutch is normally engaged. When the clutch lever is squeezed, the cable rotates the threaded sleeve inside the left cover, moving the adjusting screw to the right, pushing the separation push rod and pressure cap, releasing spring pressure and separating the friction plates from the driven plates. Secondary Reduction and Drive: Depending on the motorcycle model, there are three types of drive systems: belt drive, chain drive, and universal joint shaft drive. Running Gear: The running gear supports the weight of the vehicle and its load, ensuring stable handling and comfortable riding. It mainly includes the frame, front fork, front shock absorber, rear shock absorber, and wheels. Steering and Braking Systems: Steering: The front wheel and handlebars work together to control the motorcycle's direction. The right handlebar is equipped with a throttle grip to control the carburetor throttle valve opening and a brake lever for the front wheel brake. The left handlebar has a clutch grip and lever. Both ends of the handlebars also feature rearview mirrors and various electrical switches. Braking: Generally, the front wheel brake is controlled by the hand brake lever, while the rear wheel brake is operated by a foot brake pedal. The drum brake structure is similar to that of cars and tractors, with brake shoes made of aluminum alloy die-casting and lined with friction brake pads. The brake arm rotates the brake cam, pushing the brake shoes apart to achieve braking. Electrical Instrumentation: The electrical wiring of motorcycles is similar to that of cars. The electrical circuits are divided into power supply, ignition, lighting, instrumentation, and sound systems. The power supply typically consists of an alternator (or a magneto charging coil), a rectifier, and a battery.
