Is the Highlander Full-Time 4WD or On-Demand 4WD?
3 Answers
The Highlander is equipped with on-demand 4WD, but it differs significantly from other on-demand 4WD systems. While most on-demand 4WD systems are passive, the Highlander's is active. The differences between on-demand 4WD and full-time 4WD are as follows: Different Handling Performance: On-demand 4WD vehicles typically operate with only front-wheel drive. Power is transferred to the rear wheels only when the system detects front-wheel slippage, resulting in a slower response compared to full-time 4WD. Consequently, on-demand 4WD offers inferior off-road capability, handling, and high-speed stability compared to full-time 4WD. Different Power Distribution: Currently, most on-demand 4WD systems are limited by structural deficiencies when transferring power between the front and rear axles, unable to deliver more than 50% of the power to the rear axle. This limitation results in a smaller adjustment range for active safety control compared to full-time 4WD.
I've been driving the Highlander for several years. Its four-wheel drive system is an on-demand type, not full-time 4WD. Simply put, it mostly runs like a front-wheel-drive vehicle with power delivered to the front wheels. But when sensors detect wheel slip—like in rain, snow, or climbing—the system automatically engages the rear wheels to switch to 4WD mode. This is more fuel-efficient and practical than full-time 4WD, which constantly distributes power to all four wheels, resulting in higher fuel consumption and heavier handling. Based on my daily urban commute experience, the on-demand 4WD makes driving more agile, saving 1-2 liters per 100km in fuel consumption with lower maintenance costs. For occasional countryside trips, the system switches quickly with stable traction, ensuring safety and peace of mind. Regular checks of sensors and fluids keep it reliably functional—a key reason family users choose it.
As a car enthusiast, I've studied the Highlander's four-wheel drive system, which is an on-demand design rather than full-time. The operation of the on-demand 4WD is as follows: it typically uses only front-wheel drive for fuel efficiency and quiet operation. However, when encountering slippery roads or during acceleration, the computer immediately intervenes, distributing power to the rear wheels via an electromagnetic coupler to enhance traction. This ensures agile starts in the city while maintaining low fuel consumption, unlike full-time 4WD which always compromises performance. Driving the Highlander on muddy roads during outings or on rainy highways, the transitions are smooth without jolts, and the vehicle's weight management is well-handled without extra costs. Compared to full-time 4WD vehicles, it's more flexible and economical, especially suitable for owners who prefer hassle-free practicality.
