To verify a VIN (Vehicle Identification Number), you need to check it for accuracy and then use it to pull a detailed history report from a reputable source. The VIN is a unique 17-character code found on the vehicle's dashboard or driver's side door jamb. The most critical step is using a paid service like Carfax or AutoCheck to uncover hidden problems such as accident history, title brands (like "salvage"), odometer rollbacks, and previous theft.
Start by locating the VIN on the car itself and ensuring it matches the one on the title and registration documents. Any discrepancy is a major red flag. Then, use free tools for a preliminary check. The National Insurance Crime Bureau's (NICB) free VINCheck tool can tell you if the car has been reported as stolen or salvaged. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) website offers a free recall lookup using the VIN.
A basic free check isn't enough for a purchase decision. Here’s a comparison of what different verification levels can reveal:
| Verification Method | Cost | Key Information Provided | Best For |
|---|
| Physical VIN Check | Free | Confirms VIN on car matches documents; looks for tampering. | Initial inspection at a meet-up. |
| NICB VINCheck | Free | Theft, salvage, or total loss records from insurance companies. | Quick screening for major red flags. |
| NHTSA Recall Lookup | Free | Open, unrepaired safety recalls specific to that VIN. | Safety awareness before buying. |
| Paid History Report (e.g., Carfax) | ~$40-$100 | Accident history, number of owners, service records, title brand history, odometer readings. | Essential before any used car purchase. |
For the most thorough verification, especially on an older car, a pre-purchase inspection by a trusted mechanic is non-negotiable. They can physically confirm the VIN hasn't been altered and check for hidden damage that even a history report might miss. Combining a paid VIN history report with a professional inspection is the only way to confidently verify a vehicle's true condition and legality.
