How to repair a tubeless tire leak?

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Tubeless tire leaks can be repaired by patching the inner sidewall, with two main methods: cold patching and hot vulcanization. Tubeless tires, also known as "low-pressure tires" or "pneumatic tires," feature high elasticity, wear resistance, excellent traction, and heat dissipation. Structurally, they consist of three parts: the carcass (flexible), the cord ply (reinforcing layer with metal wires for enhanced elasticity), and the rigid tread. Passenger car tires are broadly categorized into radial tires (with cords arranged radially) and bias-ply tires (with crisscrossed cord layers), where the carcass forms the foundational framework, maintaining uniform flexibility from tread to sidewall.