How many types of superchargers are there?
3 Answers
There are three types of superchargers: centrifugal superchargers, Roots-type superchargers, and screw-type superchargers. Centrifugal superchargers are very similar to turbochargers in terms of their working principle, except that this method does not use the exhaust gas generated by the engine to drive it. Instead, it uses the engine's belt to provide power. The supercharging principle is the same as that of a turbocharger, where air is drawn in and pressurized by centrifugal force to achieve the purpose of compressing air. Roots-type superchargers are generally installed on some American muscle cars. They draw air into the supercharger, where two spiral-shaped blades compress the air and then send it to the intake manifold. This type of supercharger used in cars can provide powerful performance.
I've been into car modifications for many years, and there are mainly three common types of superchargers, each with its own characteristics. One is the Roots-type supercharger, which looks like two rotating lobe boxes that mesh together to force air into the engine. It's particularly suitable for those old-school, large-displacement cars, delivering powerful low-end torque but consuming more fuel, making it feel like you're being pushed forward. Another type is the twin-screw supercharger, which uses a helical rotor design for higher efficiency and produces a sound like a hairdryer. It offers quick acceleration at high speeds and better fuel economy—my friend's sports car became insanely powerful after installing one. Then there's the centrifugal supercharger, similar to a small turbocharger but directly engine-driven, where air is accelerated by centrifugal force for smooth, lag-free power delivery. It's great for city cars, providing easy driving and low maintenance. While there are some hybrid variants, these three core types cover most scenarios. When modifying, you need to match the supercharger to both the engine and your driving style to pick the right model.
In daily auto repair work, superchargers are frequently encountered, which are categorized into three main types: Roots-type, twin-screw, and centrifugal. Roots-type superchargers are commonly seen in classic American muscle cars with the distinctive hood bulge design, delivering massive low-RPM torque but suffering from reduced suction at high RPMs and higher fuel consumption. Twin-screw superchargers have a more complex structure, featuring internal helical grooves for better cooling and faster heat dissipation, offering smooth power delivery but slightly worse noise control. Centrifugal superchargers are compact and easy to install, compressing air via rotating impellers for quick dynamic response, making them ideal for small sports cars. In terms of maintenance, twin-screw types require regular lubrication and seal replacement, while centrifugal types have bearings prone to wear and shorter lifespans, so owners are advised to check the drive belt and oil lines every six months to avoid overheating shutdowns. Choosing a supercharger type should be based on budget and practical needs; for regular street cars, the twin-screw type offers a more balanced performance.
