How many items are tested in Subject 3?

What is the Difference Between Hybrid Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles?

Here is an introduction to the differences between the two: 1. Power difference. Plug-in hybrids are usually designed with the main goal of enhancing vehicle performance, such as the Ferrari SF90, Porsche Cayenne, Panamera Plug-in Hybrid, and BYD Dynasty series. In this regard, Chinese brands have performed exceptionally well. For example, BYD's DM models have nearly double the power compared to their fuel-powered counterparts. Of course, some are aimed at improving smoothness, such as BMW plug-in hybrids, Volkswagen plug-in hybrids, and Geely. Others focus on energy efficiency, such as Korean brands and SAIC-GM plug-in hybrids. 2. Driving experience. Plug-in hybrids are typically equipped with large batteries, enabling pure electric driving for 50-100 kilometers. If battery costs decrease, this range may increase in the future. Hybrid electric vehicles, on the other hand, only come with small batteries and can hardly drive purely on electricity. Although they have an EV mode, the engine needs to start and assist in charging after just 1-2 kilometers of pure electric driving. 3. Driving environment. Hybrid electric vehicles save fuel mainly in urban areas; on highways, their fuel consumption is almost the same as that of conventional fuel vehicles, and sometimes even higher. Examples include Toyota's dual-engine models.

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Is a Fuel Consumption of 9-10L Normal for the Mistra?

A fuel consumption of 9-10L for the Mistra is considered normal. In actual driving conditions, factors such as inadequate driving skills, poor engine condition, and lack of maintenance can lead to increased fuel consumption. The combined fuel consumption of the Mistra is 5.3L/100km. There are currently 5 models of the Mistra available for sale: the DCT-LUX Premium Edition, DCT-TOP Flagship Edition, CVT-GLS Leading Edition, CVT-GLX Elite Edition, and CVT-LUX Premium Edition, all with a combined fuel consumption of 5.3L/100km. The above figures are based on the NEDC combined fuel consumption, which measures the fuel consumption data under the NEDC test cycle. The actual fuel consumption is higher, ranging from 6.0-11.0L/100km. Methods to reduce fuel consumption: Clean engine carbon deposits: Excessive carbon deposits in the engine are a significant cause, often due to using unsuitable fuel. It is recommended to add a certain amount of cleaning agent when refueling. If the effect is not noticeable, it indicates a high level of carbon deposits in the engine. In such cases, the car should be taken to a 4S shop for professional cleaning of the engine carbon deposits by technicians. Check the oxygen sensor: As an internal control unit of the car, the oxygen sensor monitors the air-fuel ratio in the engine. If it is damaged, it can cause an imbalance in the air-fuel ratio, leading to a sudden increase in fuel consumption. When the oxygen sensor is damaged, the exhaust pipe emits darker-colored exhaust gases during driving, and the sensor should be replaced immediately. Regularly replace the three filters: During vehicle use, the oil filter, air filter, and fuel filter must be replaced regularly. If not replaced for a long time, they can become dirty and send incorrect information to the engine control unit, resulting in incomplete fuel combustion and increased engine carbon deposits. Check the electronic control unit: Although the engine's electronic control unit is highly reliable, in older vehicles, various faults may occur.

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What is the function of a CAN controller?

CAN controller is responsible for receiving data sent by the microprocessor in the control unit, processing the data and transmitting it to the CAN transceiver. At the same time, the CAN controller also receives the data from the CAN transceiver, processes the data and transmits it to the microprocessor. Here are some relevant information: 1. The automotive CAN controller is manufactured on a programmable chip through the combination of logic circuits. This controller has an interface for connecting with single-chip microprocessors, and can be programmed by the microprocessor to set its working mode, control its working state, and perform data transmission or reception. 2. Automotive CAN controllers usually come in two types, both strictly complying with CAN specifications and international standards. Their characteristics are as follows: (1) Independent automotive CAN controller This type of CAN controller has relative independence and is very flexible to use. It generally appears in the form of a single-chip integrated circuit and can be combined with various types of single-chip microprocessors. (2) Combined automotive CAN controller This CAN controller is integrated with the microprocessor to form a microprocessor control component with a CAN control function interface. Using a combined CAN controller can simplify and compact the circuit, and the efficiency can also be improved accordingly.

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Can 5w30 engine oil be used in summer?

Engine oil 5W30 can be used in summer. Here is the relevant introduction about engine oil: 1. The engine oil grade usually indicates viscosity and quality. 2. The viscosity of lubricating oil is mostly identified by SAE grade, and SAE is the abbreviation of "Society of Automotive Engineers" in English. 3. W stands for winter, and the smaller the number in front of it, the better the low-temperature fluidity of the engine oil, representing the lower ambient temperature available and the better protection ability for the engine during cold starts. 3. The number after "W" (after a horizontal line) is an indicator of the oil's high-temperature resistance. The larger the number, the better the protection performance of the oil at high temperatures. 4. The grade after the oil classification indicates its viscosity specification. For example, in "15W-40, 5W-40", "W" stands for Winter, and the smaller the number in front of it, the better the low-temperature fluidity of the engine oil, representing the lower ambient temperature available and the better protection ability for the engine during cold starts. For example, 5W represents resistance to external low temperatures of -30°C, while 20W is resistant to low temperatures of -15°C.

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What are the PRNDS gears in a manual transmission?

Manual transmissions do not have PRNDS gears; these are settings for automatic transmissions. Specifically: P – Parking gear, used when starting the vehicle. R – Reverse gear, for backing up. N – Neutral gear, where the transmission is disengaged. D – Drive gear, also known as the forward driving gear. S – Sport mode, indicating a performance driving mode. Detailed introduction: P Parking gear: When the gear lever is in the P position, the transmission is in neutral internally, but the output shaft is mechanically locked. At this time, the car will stop in place even without pressing the brake, generally used for long-term parking. R Reverse gear: When the gear lever is in the R position, the rotation direction of the transmission's output shaft is opposite to that of the engine, allowing the car to move backward. N Neutral gear: When the gear lever is in the N position, the gears inside the transmission are idling, and the clutch is not engaged, resulting in the least load on the transmission. The N gear is generally used for short-term parking. D Drive gear: When the gear lever is in the D position, the gears inside the transmission automatically switch between the lowest and highest gears based on factors such as vehicle speed and throttle opening, following preset shifting rules. In most cases, the D gear can be used for driving. S Sport mode: When the car is in S gear, it can shift freely, providing greater torque output, typically used during overtaking. Car shifting techniques: Downshift after deceleration: Increase speed before upshifting and reduce speed before downshifting by releasing the throttle. Before shifting, the clutch pedal must be fully depressed, and the gear lever should be operated gently, quickly, smoothly, and accurately. Master the timing of shifting: Shift when the engine speed is around 2000 RPM. First press the accelerator, then the clutch, so the clutch is not forcibly disengaged, and then shift. Downshift based on vehicle speed; generally, downshift when the engine speed is below 1500 RPM. Shifting actions should be continuous: Depress the clutch fully in one motion, and shift gears in one smooth movement. Familiarize yourself with the gear positions. If you encounter difficulty engaging a gear, shift to neutral, release the clutch slightly, then depress it again to engage the gear.

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What is the battery model for Toyota C-HR key?

The main battery model for Toyota C-HR car key is CR2032. It is a lithium manganese dioxide battery, named according to IEC standards. Among them: C- indicates a chemical battery system with lithium metal as the negative electrode and manganese dioxide as the positive electrode; R- indicates that the battery is cylindrical in shape, with F used as a substitute if it is square; 20 indicates the battery diameter is 20mm; 32 represents the battery height is 3.2mm. The nominal voltage is 3.0V, the endpoint voltage is 2.0V, and the rated capacity is about 200mAh. CR2032 typically has a lifespan of 5 years. If the manufacturer's production level is not high or quality control is poor, its lifespan will be significantly shortened. Domestic first-tier brand batteries can generally guarantee this lifespan. Under ideal conditions (sealed, room temperature, no moisture, etc.), the lifespan can be further extended to 8 years or even 10 years. The usage time of the car remote key battery is closely related to the frequency of use. The more frequently it is used, the shorter the usage time will be. If the remote key battery runs out of power, the mechanical key can be used directly to open and start the vehicle. The batteries used in car remote keys are button batteries, mainly including models: CR2016, CR2025, CR2032, and CR2450. For the specific model used in each key, owners can refer to the battery model in the user manual for replacement. Button-type CR2016 battery: The usage rate of car key remotes is very high, making it one of the most common car remote batteries. The voltage of this battery is 3V, while most car key batteries are powered by 9V, so all three batteries need to be replaced each time. Examples include: Guangben, Toyota, Volkswagen, Mazda, etc. CR2016 specifications: battery diameter 20mm, thickness 1.6mm. Button-type CR2025 battery: Its usage rate is much lower than CR2016. However, some car keys still use it. It is thicker than the 2016 model but has a relatively higher storage capacity. CR2025 specifications: battery diameter 20mm, thickness 2.5mm. This type of battery is also commonly used in audio remotes. Button battery CR2032: Its thickness is twice that of CR2016. The 3V-CR2032 lithium manganese battery belongs to the lithium-manganese dioxide structure. The positive electrode material is chemically stable manganese dioxide, the negative electrode material is lithium metal, and the electrolyte is a lithium battery. The main components of the electrolyte are dimethoxyethane, propylene carbonate, and lithium perchlorate. It is shaped like a button, hence the name button lithium battery or lithium manganese button battery. Button battery CR2450: Compared to the other three models, it is thicker and larger, with a diameter of 24.5mm and a height of 5.0mm. The rated current value of CR2450 is 0.2mA, mainly used in low-power electronic products. Generally, the battery can provide an output current of 0.001mA to 5mA, with a continuous output current of up to 15mA and a flash output current of up to 30mA, meeting the requirements of most small electronic products for light emission, sound production, and RF output.

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How many items are tested in Subject 3?

What is the Difference Between Hybrid Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles?

Is a Fuel Consumption of 9-10L Normal for the Mistra?

What is the function of a CAN controller?

Can 5w30 engine oil be used in summer?

What are the PRNDS gears in a manual transmission?

What is the battery model for Toyota C-HR key?

How to Add Antifreeze to BYD Song?

Where does brake fluid leak from?

What is the maximum wading depth of the Wrangler?

How to Start the Engine When the Baojun 530 Has No Power?