How Many Driving Modes Does a Train Have?

[BarrettLynn]

There are four main driving modes for trains, as detailed below: 1. Automatic Train Operation (ATO) Mode: The system handles all driving, detection, monitoring, and control tasks, while the driver only needs to supervise the normal operation of the equipment. 2. Protected Manual (PM) Mode under ATP Supervision: The train's monitoring, operation, braking, and door opening/closing (including platform screen doors at underground stations or safety barriers at elevated stations) are manually operated by the driver under the supervision of onboard ATP equipment. The ATP subsystem ensures operational safety, with the driver manually controlling the train based on auxiliary driving information displayed on the DMI and DTI. ATP provides complete automatic protection for train operation, and all necessary driving information is displayed on the onboard signal monitor. 3. Restricted Manual (RM) Mode: The train operates at a speed not exceeding 25 km/h. The driver manually controls monitoring, operation, braking, and door operations, while onboard equipment provides overspeed protection at 25 km/h and supervises train integrity, door status, and rollback. 4. Non-Restricted Manual (NRM) Mode: The driver uses the ATC cut-off selector switch to deactivate ATC. This bypass switch blocks ATC emergency brake output and other signals that prevent train movement. The train is entirely manually driven without onboard equipment control. The driver operates the train according to dispatch orders and ground signal indications, with safety ensured by interlocking devices, dispatchers, and the driver collectively.