How does Cummins determine the intake and exhaust valves?

[SanElliott]

Cummins determines that the intake valve is on the side near the first cylinder of the diesel engine, while the exhaust valve is on the side near the last cylinder. Introduction to the intake valve: When the piston reaches the bottom dead center, due to the influence of intake resistance, the gas pressure in the cylinder is still lower than atmospheric pressure. Delaying the closing of the intake valve allows continued intake by utilizing the pressure difference. When the piston reaches the bottom dead center, the intake airflow still has considerable inertia, and delaying the intake valve closure can ensure sufficient intake. Introduction to the exhaust valve: Utilizing the exhaust gas pressure in the cylinder for early free exhaust, appropriately advancing the opening of the exhaust valve when the cylinder still has a pressure of about 300kPa~500kPa, where the work effect is minimal, allows the exhaust gas to be rapidly and freely discharged. This reduces the power consumed during exhaust. By exhausting early, when the piston reaches the bottom dead center, the pressure in the cylinder is only about 110kPa~120kPa, significantly reducing the power consumed during the exhaust stroke.