How Does an Electric Vehicle Work?
2 Answers
Electric vehicles operate through the following components: battery, current, power regulator, electric motor, powertrain system, which collectively drive the vehicle forward. An electric vehicle refers to a vehicle that uses onboard power sources as its energy, employs electric motors to drive the wheels, and meets all requirements of road traffic and safety regulations. The structure of an electric vehicle mainly consists of the electric drive control system, vehicle chassis, body, and various auxiliary devices. Apart from the electric drive control system, the functions and structural components of other parts are fundamentally similar to those of traditional vehicles. The electric drive control system not only determines the overall structural composition and performance characteristics of a pure electric vehicle but also serves as its core component. It is equivalent to the combination of an engine and other functions in a traditional vehicle, integrated in a mechatronic manner.
The working principle of electric vehicles is actually quite cool. It mainly relies on batteries to store electricity, just like charging a phone - plug it in, charge it up, and it's ready to use. When driving, electricity is output from the battery, regulated by the controller to adjust current intensity, which then powers the electric motor. The motor is directly connected to the wheels, so when it rotates, it propels the vehicle forward - the whole process is quiet and efficient. There's also a regenerative braking function that converts some kinetic energy back into electricity when you brake, storing it back in the battery to reduce waste. Compared to gasoline cars, this eliminates the combustion engine process, resulting in much less pollution and simpler operation. With a long-lasting battery, it can run for several years and is easier to maintain.
