How Does an Automotive Turbocharger Work?
2 Answers
Automotive turbocharger works as follows: 1. Principle of turbocharging device: Essentially an air compressor, it increases engine air intake by compressing air. Generally, turbochargers utilize the inertial force of exhaust gases expelled by the engine to drive a turbine in the turbine chamber. The turbine then drives a coaxial impeller, which pressurizes air delivered through the air filter pipeline, forcing it into the cylinders. 2. Increasing output power: As engine speed increases, the exhaust gas expulsion speed and turbine rotation speed also rise synchronously. The impeller compresses more air into the cylinders, and the increased air pressure and density allow for more fuel combustion. By correspondingly increasing fuel supply and adjusting engine speed, the engine's output power can be enhanced. 3. Components of the device: The turbocharging device mainly consists of a turbine chamber and a supercharger. The turbine chamber's intake port connects to the engine exhaust manifold, while the exhaust port links to the exhaust pipe. The supercharger's intake port connects to the air filter pipeline, and its exhaust port joins the intake manifold. Finally, the turbine and impeller are installed in the turbine chamber and supercharger respectively, with both rigidly connected on the same shaft.
A turbocharger essentially utilizes exhaust gases from the engine to increase intake pressure and drive its operation. Simply put, when the car is running, high-speed airflow is expelled through the exhaust pipe, which spins a turbine. This turbine is connected via a shaft to another component called a compressor, which compresses air on the intake side, allowing more oxygen to be forced into the cylinders. This results in a more thorough mix with fuel and more efficient combustion, ultimately delivering greater power. Having driven many turbocharged cars, what stands out most is the more aggressive acceleration, especially during high-speed cruising, where the burst of power is intense—unlike the gradual climb of naturally aspirated engines. However, turbos take time to respond; there might be a slight lag when lightly pressing the throttle, waiting for the RPMs to rise. Once it kicks in, it feels like an instant surge of energy, making it particularly useful for overtaking or climbing hills. Remember to regularly check the oil and cooling systems, as impurities or overheating can easily wear out components. Extending its lifespan relies on timely maintenance.
