How ABS Works
3 Answers
It consists of control units and the ABS warning light, among other components. In different ABS systems, the structure and working principles of the brake pressure modulation device may vary, and the internal structure and control logic of the electronic control unit may also differ. ABS is typically composed of wheel speed sensors, a brake pressure modulation device, and electronic equipment. In a standard ABS system, a speed sensor is installed on each wheel, and signals regarding the speed of each wheel are input into the electronic control unit. The electronic control unit monitors and assesses the motion state of each wheel based on the signals from the wheel speed sensors and generates corresponding control commands. The brake pressure modulation device mainly consists of pressure modulation solenoid valves, an electric pump, and an accumulator. As an independent unit, it is connected to the master cylinder and each wheel cylinder via brake lines. The brake pressure modulation device is controlled by the electronic control unit to adjust the brake pressure of each wheel cylinder. While driving, the driver should always pay attention to the ABS warning light on the dashboard. If it flashes or stays lit, it indicates that the ABS system is not functioning. At this point, the brake system reverts to normal braking operation, and the vehicle can continue to be driven, but without ABS functionality. It is recommended to have it inspected and repaired as soon as possible. "ABS" is translated as "Anti-lock Braking System" in Chinese. It is a vehicle safety control system with the advantages of anti-skid and anti-lock. ABS is an improved technology based on conventional braking devices and is categorized into mechanical and electronic types. Modern vehicles are equipped with advanced anti-lock braking systems. ABS not only retains the braking function of conventional systems but also prevents wheel lock-up, allowing the vehicle to steer while braking. This ensures directional stability during braking, preventing skidding and deviation. It is currently the most advanced braking device with the best braking performance in automobiles.
The working principle of the anti-lock braking system (ABS) is actually quite interesting. Every time you slam on the brakes, the sensors under the car start working hard. They constantly monitor the speed changes of each wheel. Once they detect that a wheel is slowing down too quickly and is about to lock up, the control unit immediately intervenes, sending commands to the braking system to rapidly pulse the pressure on and off—kind of like a little massage to prevent the wheel from fully locking. This way, the tires can still maintain some grip, allowing the car to continue steering without skidding. Nowadays, many cars use this technology. It not only protects you from accidents but also shortens braking distances on slippery roads. When I researched this system, I found that modern cars rely on electronically controlled hydraulics for precise operation, which is much more flexible than purely mechanical braking—especially useful in rain or icy conditions. Never underestimate this small device. Also, when driving normally, pay attention to the brake feedback. Addressing any abnormalities early can extend the system's lifespan.
Having driven for over 20 years, I have deep feelings about ABS. It usually stays low-key, but it can truly save lives at critical moments. The process is simple: when you brake too hard and the wheels are about to lock up, sensors detect the speed difference between the wheels. Then, the system quickly adjusts the brake pressure with a rapid on-off frequency, preventing the wheels from completely locking up and allowing the car to steer and avoid obstacles. For example, once I had to brake hard on snow, and the car didn’t skid at all thanks to ABS working behind the scenes—it felt almost magical. This technology enhances daily driving confidence, especially for new drivers, but remember not to mistake it for completely eliminating skidding risks. Maintenance-wise, regularly check if the sensors and wiring harness are clean.
