Does Using Air Conditioning in Electric Vehicles Significantly Affect Range?

[McEden]

Using air conditioning in electric vehicles has a considerable impact on range. Operating the AC increases power consumption by approximately 7%. During winter heating, the energy loss is even greater. According to bench tests, using PTC heaters in low temperatures can reduce range by nearly 30%. Principle of Electric Vehicle Air Conditioning: The refrigeration principle of electric vehicle air conditioning is similar to that of traditional fuel-powered vehicles, employing an electric compressor. The cold end and its heat exchanger function similarly to the evaporator in compression refrigeration, while the hot end and its heat exchanger act as the condenser. When powered, free electrons and holes move from the cold end to the hot end under the influence of an external electric field, analogous to the compression process of refrigerant in a compressor. The heating system employs two methods: one using a heat pump, and the other utilizing a PTC electric heater. Factors Affecting Electric Vehicle Range: Beyond air conditioning use, cold weather significantly reduces the range of electric vehicles. Additionally, certain driving habits, such as charging practices and driving style, play a role. Some drivers, taking advantage of the high torque and quick response of electric vehicles, frequently accelerate aggressively and overtake, which substantially decreases range. Gentle acceleration and maintaining a steady speed can effectively enhance vehicle range.