Does Fast Charging Harm New Energy Vehicle Batteries?

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There is no harm to the battery. Whether it's fast charging or slow charging, neither has any impact on new energy vehicle batteries. Fast Charging (DC Fast Charging) Fast charging, also known as emergency charging, primarily involves charging stations' charging piles delivering high-voltage direct current directly to the new energy vehicle's power battery through the DC charging port. Fast charging provides charging services within a short period of 20 minutes to 2 hours by supplying a large direct current, typically ranging from 150 to 400A. DC charging piles, commonly referred to as 'fast chargers,' are fixed installations outside new energy vehicles. They use three-phase four-wire AC380V±15% at 50Hz, converting AC to DC through rectification and then adjusting voltage and current output via a DC/DC converter. This setup delivers sufficient power to meet fast charging requirements, as illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1: DC Charging Pile for Fast Charging (DC Fast Charging) (2) Slow Charging (AC Slow Charging) Slow charging, also known as conventional charging, mainly involves using household power plugs or AC charging piles connected to the AC charging port. The onboard charger then converts 220V AC to 380V DC to charge the power battery. Slow charging typically employs constant voltage or constant current charging with a small current, usually taking 5 to 8 hours, or even 10 to 20 hours. AC charging piles, commonly called 'slow chargers,' only provide power output without charging functionality. They need to be connected to the onboard charger to charge new energy vehicles, essentially acting as a power control device. Due to the generally limited power of onboard chargers, only slow charging is possible. The method of charging via AC charging piles is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2: AC Charging Pile for Slow Charging (AC Slow Charging) (3) Differences Between Fast and Slow Charging Fast charging has the following pros and cons: large charging current, short charging time (30 minutes to 3 hours), suitable for emergency charging; it may reduce the power battery's lifespan, cannot utilize off-peak electricity, and has higher charging costs; charging stations are more expensive.