Does fast charging harm electric vehicle batteries?
1 Answers
Currently, the batteries commonly used in electric vehicles are mainly lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries. Different battery types have distinct power generation mechanisms and exhibit significant differences in sensitivity to fast charging. For lead-acid batteries, the internal electrolyte gradually reacts and depletes during charging, ultimately leading to a gradual reduction in battery capacity and decreased driving range. Although slow charging also causes battery capacity reduction, the process is slower and results in minimal damage. Lithium batteries: During fast charging, a large current is instantly input into the battery, which affects its recovery capability. Reduced recovery capability accelerates battery degradation and decreases the number of charge-discharge cycles, thereby impacting the battery's range and overall performance. Battery Management System: Generally, factors such as battery density, materials, and temperature in electric vehicles influence fast charging speed and the extent of battery damage. Electric vehicles are typically equipped with a Battery Management System (BMS), whose primary function is to regulate the current and voltage input during charging. It accurately predicts the state of the power battery pack and maintains the charging temperature within a specific range to avoid excessive battery damage.
