Does Electric Power Steering Require Steering Fluid?
3 Answers
Electric power steering requires steering fluid. Electric power steering is an EPS system, which is a power steering system that directly relies on an electric motor to provide auxiliary torque. The electric power steering system does not have the hydraulic pump, hydraulic pipelines, or steering column valve structure of a hydraulic power steering system. Instead, it directly transmits the assistance generated by the motor to the steering system through a reducer in a purely mechanical manner. The electric power steering system consists of a steering column, torque sensor, servo motor, and control module. Its working principle is as follows: after the vehicle starts, the system begins to operate. When the vehicle speed is below a certain threshold, the signal is sent to the control module, which then issues control commands to the servo motor based on data such as the steering wheel's torque, rotation direction, and vehicle speed. This causes the servo motor to output torque of a corresponding magnitude and direction to generate assistance. When no steering is performed, the electronic control unit does not send torque signals to the servo motor, and the current of the servo motor tends toward zero.
As someone quite knowledgeable about automotive technology, I must say electric power steering really doesn't require steering fluid. It primarily relies on an electric motor, equipped with various sensors and control units to detect your steering wheel movements and assist with smooth turning. Unlike old-fashioned hydraulic systems that depend on fluid to transmit pressure (and might leak), EPS offers simpler maintenance, cost savings by eliminating fluid changes, plus more precise and quieter steering. Some folks might mistakenly think it needs fluid simply because they're used to older vehicles. If steering issues arise—like noticeably heavier assistance—don't rush to check nonexistent fluid; it's likely an electric motor or wiring fault requiring professional inspection.
I've driven quite a few cars, and the one I'm using now comes with EPS. The steering is incredibly light, and I've never even mentioned steering fluid. EPS uses an electric motor for assistance, and the system automatically senses your steering effort, so there's no delay even during cold starts in winter. Compared to hydraulic systems, it's more energy-efficient, saves fuel, and significantly enhances the driving experience. In routine maintenance, I don't have to worry about fluid changes at all, which cuts costs considerably. However, if the steering suddenly becomes heavy or makes noise, don't jump to conclusions—it might just be a minor electronic issue, like a dirty sensor.
