Generally, no, you cannot get a license plate (often called a "tag" in some regions) for a car without a title. The certificate of title is the primary document that proves you own the vehicle, and the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or equivalent state agency requires it to issue registration and plates. However, there are specific, legally-defined exceptions and alternative procedures that vary significantly by state. The process is often complex and requires substantial paperwork to overcome the lack of a title.
The most common scenario is if you've lost the title. In this case, you don't need a new procedure; you simply need to replace the lost title. You can do this by applying for a duplicate title from the DMV in the state where the car was last titled. This is the most straightforward path.
Other situations involve more complex avenues:
- Using a Bill of Sale: In a few states, a notarized bill of sale might be sufficient for registering a vehicle that is very old (often 20+ years), especially if it was never titled or is considered an "antique." You must check your specific state's laws.
- Securing a Bonded Title: This is a common solution if you possess a vehicle but cannot obtain the title from the previous owner. You apply for a bonded title by purchasing a surety bond from a licensed company. The bond acts as a financial guarantee against someone else later claiming ownership of the car. After a set period (e.g., 3-5 years) with no claims, you can then apply for a standard title.
- Court-Ordered Title: If you have a strong claim of ownership but the seller is uncooperative, a court can issue a decree declaring you the legal owner, which the DMV will accept.
- Inheritance: If you inherited the vehicle, a copy of the death certificate and relevant probate court documents may serve in place of a title for transfer purposes.
The requirements and feasibility are entirely dependent on your state. The table below outlines the general stance and primary alternative method for a sample of states.
| State | General Rule: Title Required? | Primary Alternative Method | Typical Processing Time for Alternatives |
|---|
| California | Yes | Bonded Title | 3-5 years before clear title |
| Texas | Yes | Bonded Title | 3 years before clear title |
| Florida | Yes | Court-Ordered Title | Varies by court |
| New York | Yes | Duplicate Title Application (if lost) | 2-6 weeks |
| Arizona | Yes | 3+ Year Old Vehicle: Bill of Sale may suffice | Varies |
| Vermont* | Notable Exception | Registration & Title for Out-of-State Residents | 6-8 weeks |
*Vermont's DMV has a unique policy that allows non-residents to register and title certain older vehicles using only a bill of sale, which is a well-known loophole.
Your first step should always be to contact your local DMV directly or visit their website to understand the exact requirements for your specific situation. Attempting to register a car without a clear title can be a lengthy process, so patience and meticulous attention to documentation are crucial.
