Can a car battery be recharged if it can start the engine but the car doesn't move?
3 Answers
If a car battery can start the engine but the car doesn't move, the car needs to be charged. All vehicles are equipped with a generator, which starts producing electricity as soon as the engine is running. The working principle of the battery is as follows: 1. The negative electrode is made of a lead plate filled with sponge-like lead, and the positive electrode is made of a lead plate filled with lead dioxide, with 22-28% dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolyte. During charging, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, and during discharging, chemical energy is converted back into electrical energy. When the battery discharges, metallic lead acts as the negative electrode, undergoing oxidation and turning into lead sulfate; lead dioxide acts as the positive electrode, undergoing reduction and also turning into lead sulfate. When the battery is charged with direct current, lead and lead dioxide are generated at the two electrodes respectively. 2. After removing the power source, the battery returns to its pre-discharge state, forming a chemical battery. A lead-acid battery is a rechargeable battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, known as a secondary battery. Cars use a battery pack consisting of six lead-acid batteries connected in series to provide 12V. Regular lead-acid batteries require the addition of distilled water after some time of use to maintain the electrolyte with 22-28% dilute sulfuric acid.
I've encountered this situation several times, and my experience is that it can be charged but depends on the circumstances. If it's just a temporary battery drain, like insufficient power from listening to music too long while parked, then jump-starting and running for half an hour can recharge it. But if the battery is aging, like after three or four years of use, it might start after a jump but die again when restarted—this usually means it's time for a new battery. Once in winter, my car was like this; after an emergency charge, it wouldn't start again two days later, and testing showed the battery capacity was only at 30%. By the way, frequent short trips or installing too many electronic devices can really damage the battery, so it's best to use a battery charger for regular maintenance. Nowadays, some smart chargers come with a repair function, which works well for sulfated batteries.
From my personal experience, I just helped a neighbor deal with this situation a couple of days ago. The fact that the battery can start the engine means it's not completely dead. Connecting it to a charger for 8 hours should restore it. However, note that the cold cranking voltage must be above 12V for effective charging - if it's below 11V, there's likely an internal short circuit. Modern cars have complex electronic systems, so you must disconnect the power during charging to avoid damaging the ECU. Once I forgot to disconnect the negative terminal, and the center display kept flickering during charging. Also, be extra cautious with cars that have modified audio systems, as excessive power can cause the battery to overheat and bulge during charging.
