Basic Structural Composition of New Energy Vehicle Charging System?

[MacAndrew]

New energy vehicles refer to vehicles that use unconventional vehicle fuels as power sources (or use conventional vehicle fuels with new onboard power devices), integrating advanced technologies in vehicle power control and driving, resulting in vehicles with advanced technical principles, new technologies, and new structures. New energy vehicles include hybrid vehicles, pure electric vehicles (BEVs, including solar-powered vehicles), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), hydrogen engine vehicles, and other new energy vehicles (such as high-efficiency energy storage devices and dimethyl ether). Examples include Changan's hybrid MPV "Jiexun," SAIC's independently developed hybrid sedan based on the Roewe 750 platform, and Haima's pure electric concept car H12. There are also some emerging domestic brands in the sedan sector, such as the BYD F6 dual-mode electric vehicle and the Lifan New 520 equipped with an oil-electric hybrid system. Structural Composition: The vehicle charging system circuit consists of the power supply circuit, starting circuit, ignition circuit, lighting and signal device circuit, instrument information system circuit, auxiliary device circuit, and electronic control system circuit: 1. The power supply circuit, also known as the charging circuit, is composed of the battery, generator, regulator, and charging indicator device. Power distribution and circuit protection devices can also be included in this circuit. 2. The starting circuit consists of the starter, starting relay, starting switch, and starting protection circuit. Devices for preheating during low-temperature starts and their control circuits can also be included in this circuit. 3. The ignition circuit is unique to gasoline engine vehicles. It consists of the ignition coil, distributor, electronic ignition controller, spark plug, and ignition switch. Microcomputer-controlled electronic ignition systems are generally classified under the engine electronic control system. 4. The lighting and signal device circuit consists of headlights, fog lights, marker lights, turn signals, brake lights, reverse lights, interior lights, and related control relays and switches. 5. The instrument information system circuit consists of instruments, their sensors, various warning indicators, and controllers. 6. The auxiliary device circuit consists of various electrical devices installed to enhance vehicle safety and comfort. The types of auxiliary electrical devices vary depending on the vehicle model, with higher-end models featuring more advanced devices. Generally, these include windshield wipers and washers, windshield defrosters (anti-fog), air conditioning, audio systems, etc. More advanced models may also feature power windows, electronic door locks, power seat adjustments, and electric remote-controlled mirrors. Electronic control airbags are classified under the electronic control system. 7. The electronic control system mainly consists of the engine control system (including fuel injection, ignition, and emission control), automatic transmission and cruise control system, anti-lock braking system, airbag control system, etc.

[LaLeila]

I've been researching electric vehicles for three to four years. The charging system of new energy vehicles is actually divided into two parts: inside and outside the vehicle. The most critical component inside is the On-Board Charger (OBC), which converts AC power from charging piles into the DC power required by the battery. The high-voltage distribution box acts like a power dispatch center, responsible for distributing current to high-power equipment such as the battery and air conditioning compressor. The Battery Management System (BMS) is the smartest, monitoring the temperature and voltage of each battery cell in real time. Outside the vehicle, fast charging piles directly supply DC power to the battery, while slow charging piles require conversion via the OBC. Charging ports come in two types: the national standard 7-pin and 9-pin, and they also contain temperature sensors and electronic locks. Recently, I tested the insulation detection module, which can cut off high-voltage power in 0.1 seconds in case of a leakage, demonstrating quite thorough safety design.

[JonathanDella]

Last time when I was charging my friend's Tesla, he explained to me that the system automatically performs a self-check the moment the charging port is connected. First, the CC signal pin in the charging gun confirms the connection status, while the CP signal pin controls the current level. The vehicle's controller and the charging station then begin negotiating the power output, a process known as handshake communication. The Battery Management System (BMS) is involved throughout to regulate the process, much like a skilled barista precisely controlling water flow. During fast charging, the cooling system is particularly critical. I've seen some owners modify their charging cables with liquid cooling, but the factory-installed dual-loop cooling system is actually more reliable, as it simultaneously cools both the battery and the charger.

[ClaytonMarie]

As a frequent visitor to auto repair shops, what stands out most to me is the charging port module. The metal sockets are arranged according to national standards, with an electronic locking mechanism hidden underneath to prevent accidental disconnection. The accompanying charging cable consists of three parts: the gun head contains a built-in temperature sensor, the cable has double-layer shielding for power and signal lines, and the control box is equipped with a leakage protection switch. A veteran mechanic once taught me how to identify coolant pipelines—the blue corrugated tube connected to the battery pack is the low-temperature circuit, while the red one is the high-temperature circuit for the power system.