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A brownstone house is a type of rowhouse or townhouse characterized by its facade made of brown sandstone. These iconic homes, prevalent in Northeastern U.S. cities like New York and Boston, are prized for their historic charm and architectural details but come with considerations like maintenance costs and potential lack of modern amenities. This guide covers the defining characteristics, architectural styles, and practical pros and cons of owning a brownstone.
Many people confuse brownstones with townhouses. While many brownstones are technically townhouses (attached homes in a row), the key differentiator is the building material. A true brownstone is constructed of brick and fronted with a facade of brown, red, or tan sandstone. This sandstone facade was quarried from specific regions in the U.S. and became a popular, relatively affordable building material in the 19th century.
Key characteristics include:
With the closure of the primary sandstone quarries, genuine brownstone facades have become scarce, increasing the value and status of these historic properties.
Brownstones were built over more than a century, evolving through various architectural movements. Understanding these styles helps in identifying and appreciating these homes.
| Style | Period | Key Identifying Features |
|---|---|---|
| Federal | 1785 – 1830 | Relatively plain, 2-3 stories, arched doors/windows, pitched roof. |
| Greek Revival | 1830 – 1850 | Monumental style, inspired by Greek architecture, high ceilings, ornamental ironwork. |
| Italianate | 1850s | Large protruding stoops, heavy cornices, darker stone trim, 2-4 stories. |
| Gothic Revival | 1830 – 1860 | Pointed-arched doorways, ornate stonework, cast-iron railings. |
| Neo-Grec | 1860s | Sharp, angular lines, rectangular window frames, heavy cast-iron stoop rails. |
| Second Empire | 1860s | Features a mansard roof, ornate curved windows, similar to Italianate. |
| Queen Anne | 1870 – 1890 | Highly ornate, asymmetrical, gabled roofs, mix of textures and colors. |
| Renaissance Revival | 1880 – 1920 | Elegant classical style, light-colored stone, carvings of fruit or flowers. |
| Romanesque Revival | 1880 – 1890 | Chunky semi-circular arches, heavy stonework, often with Spanish tile roofs. |
Before falling for the charm, it's crucial to weigh the practicalities of brownstone living.
The advantages are significant:
The challenges require careful consideration:
When living in a brownstone, the goal is often to harmonize modern comfort with historic preservation. Based on our experience assessment, successful design focuses on highlighting original features.
Prioritize preserving original elements like woodwork, moldings, and fireplaces. These details are the home's core character. To modernize, consider painting adjacent walls in fresh, bright colors or updating light fixtures with classic-yet-contemporary profiles. A well-chosen chandelier can emphasize the grandeur of a parlor-floor entrance.
For the exterior, a blend of restoration and thoughtful updates is key. Repairing original windows rather than replacing them can maintain authenticity while improving energy efficiency with weather stripping. In garden-level areas, using natural or jewel tones can create a cozy atmosphere that connects with outdoor space.
Key considerations for any brownstone owner include budgeting for specialized masonry work and understanding the regulations that may govern alterations to a historic property.
