What Are the Skill Shortages and Entry Requirements for Working in Belgium?

Belgium's robust economy, high quality of life, and significant skill shortages in sectors like IT, engineering, and healthcare make it an attractive destination for foreign professionals. Understanding the specific entry requirements and in-demand jobs is the first step to a successful relocation. This guide, based on data from the European Commission and Belgian government agencies, provides a clear roadmap for navigating the Belgian job market.

What Are the Benefits of Working in Belgium?

Belgium offers a compelling package for expatriates, combining a strong social security system with a central European location. The country's employment rate for the 20-64 age group was a healthy 69.9% as of 2020 European Commission data, with unemployment at just 5.7%. This indicates a stable job market where employers actively seek new talent. The majority of vacancies are in the service sector, including transportation, hospitality, and commerce.

A key benefit is the comprehensive employee benefits system. Workers contribute to a public healthcare system that covers most medical costs. The Belgian pension system is structured around four pillars: the state-provided statutory pension, employer-sponsored supplementary pensions, individual pension savings plans, and voluntary personal savings. Many of these benefits are offered free of social security and tax charges. Furthermore, Belgium's high life satisfaction score of 7.5 (Eurostat, 2023) and its ranking among the world's top 20 happiest countries underscore its exceptional quality of life.

Which Skills Are in Shortage in Belgium?

The Belgian government regularly publishes lists of occupation shortages to guide immigration policy. For foreign job seekers, targeting these roles significantly increases the chances of securing employment. The following table summarizes the high-demand sectors:

The demand is particularly strong in the Flanders region (the Dutch-speaking area). IT roles are in high demand, especially in facilities management and systems integration. Similarly, Belgium's position as the headquarters for the EU and NATO creates ongoing needs for professionals in administrative and accounting roles.

What Are the Language Requirements for Working in Belgium?

Belgium has three official languages: Dutch (spoken predominantly in Flanders), French (in Wallonia), and German (in a small eastern region). Brussels is officially bilingual (French and Dutch). According to the Language Act on Administrative Affairs, the government uses the official language of the region where a citizen resides.

In the business environment, there is more flexibility. However, for employment contracts and official documentation, companies must use the official language of the area. For English speakers, Brussels is the most accessible city, as it hosts numerous international institutions and conferences. While not always a formal requirement, learning the local language (Dutch or French, depending on your target region) will greatly enhance your integration and career prospects.

What Are the Entry Requirements for Non-EU Citizens?

Because Belgium is part of the EU and Schengen area, visa-free travel is permitted for short stays (up to 90 days in any 180-day period). For long-term employment, non-EU citizens, including British nationals post-Brexit, must obtain a work and residence permit. The specific permit required depends on your individual situation, such as the type of job and duration of stay. It is essential to contact the Belgian Embassy or Consulate in your home country to determine the exact documents you need.

Regarding qualifications, thanks to the Bologna Process—an initiative standardizing higher education across Europe—degrees from UK and other European institutions are generally recognized in Belgium. For highly regulated professions (e.g., in construction or healthcare), you may need to provide an official translation of your certifications or have them validated by the relevant authority, such as NARIC-Vlaanderen for the Flemish region.

How Can You Successfully Relocate for a Job in Belgium?

To maximize your chances, focus your job search on the shortage occupations listed by Belgian authorities. Ensure your CV highlights skills that are explicitly in demand. Investigate the specific language requirements for your target city and begin learning basics if necessary. Start the visa and work permit application process early, as it can be lengthy. Finally, use Belgium's central location as a perk, offering unparalleled travel opportunities across Europe.

Based on our assessment experience, a successful move to Belgium hinges on three key actions: targeting high-demand sectors, understanding the legal entry requirements, and proactively engaging with the local language. This strategic approach will position you strongly in a competitive and rewarding European job market.